Labarai

Wannan takarda ya fi bayyana tsarin layin sama, zaɓin kowane buƙatun sassa, yanayin tafiyar da layi da lissafin layi tare da haɗuwa da yanayin yanayi, hanyoyin ƙirar layin sama.Fahimtar mahimman sigogi na kayan aikin injiniya da na zahiri na waya;Jagora tasirin injina na yanayin yanayi akan madugu da kuma samar da yanayin yanayin yanayi mai hade, kuma ku fahimci ainihin kwararar ƙirar da'ira.

Rarrabewa da tsarin layin watsa sama da kasa
1. Rarrabe hanyoyin sadarwa
Layin wutar lantarki wani bangare ne na tsarin wutar lantarki, wanda ke da alhakin watsawa da rarraba wutar lantarki.Layukan da ke watsa makamashin lantarki daga tushe zuwa cibiyar lodin lantarki ana kiransu layin watsawa.Don rage asarar makamashin lantarki a cikin tsarin watsawa, layin watsawa suna ɗaukar matakan ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban gwargwadon nisan watsawa da ƙarfin watsawa.A halin yanzu, matakan lantarki daban-daban da ake amfani da su a kasar Sin sun hada da 35, 60, 110, 220, 330, 500kV, da dai sauransu. ultra high ƙarfin lantarki watsa layin.Bugu da kari, layin da ke da alhakin aikin rarraba wutar lantarki ana kiransa layin rarraba.Matakan wutar lantarki na layin rarraba na kasar Sin sune: 380V / 220V, 6KV, 10KV, wanda ke nufin layin da ke ƙasa da 1kV a matsayin ƙananan rarraba wutar lantarki, 1 ~ 10KV a matsayin layin rarraba wutar lantarki.
Ana iya raba layukan watsawa zuwa layin kebul da layin sama bisa ga tsarinsu.Idan aka kwatanta da layin kebul, layin sama yana da fa'idodi masu yawa, kamar tsari mai sauƙi, ɗan gajeren lokacin gini, ƙarancin gini, ingantaccen kulawa, kyakkyawan aikin watsar da zafi, babban ƙarfin watsawa da sauransu.Wannan takarda kawai tana gabatar da ainihin ilimin layukan watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi.
2. Tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa na sama
Gabaɗaya ana amfani da layukan watsawa don haɗa tashoshin wutar lantarki na yanki tare da na'urori a gefen karɓar.Don kiyaye takamaiman tazara tsakanin wayoyi masu rai na layin watsa wutar lantarki da ƙasa, yi amfani da sanduna da hasumiya don tallafawa wayoyi, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1-1.Nisa a kwance tsakanin tsakiyar layin hasumiya na kusa ana kiran shi nisan gear.An kafa sashin tashin hankali ta nisa da yawa tsakanin hasumiya ta tushe guda biyu.Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto #5 ~ #9, sashin tashin hankali ya ƙunshi nisa huɗu.Idan akwai nisa ɗaya kawai a cikin sashin tashin hankali, ana kiran shi ware, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi tsakanin hasumiya #9 da hasumiya #10.Layin watsawa koyaushe yana ƙunshe da ɓangarori masu tayar da hankali da yawa, gami da keɓantattun sassa.

Wasu sharuɗɗan da ke da alaƙa da layin sama
Da farko, an yi bayanin wasu ƙa'idodi na asali masu alaƙa da tsarin layin sama kamar haka:
(1) Nisan Gear - Nisa a kwance tsakanin wuraren dakatarwa na wayoyi akan hasumiya biyu masu kusa ana kiransa nisan gear, wanda yawanci ana bayyana ta, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 1-2.
(2) sag ( shakatawa) - nisa tsakanin kowane batu na waya da wurin dakatarwa a madaidaiciyar hanya ana kiran sag, wanda ake kira shakatawa.
Gabaɗaya, sag yana nufin matsakaicin sag a cikin gear ɗaya sai dai in ba haka ba, kuma yawanci harafin F yana nunawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1-2.Lokacin da ma'aunin dakatarwar waya ya yi daidai (tsayi daidai yake), matsakaicin sag a cikin nisan gear a tsakiyar;Lokacin da wurin dakatarwar waya bai yi daidai da tsayi ba (tsawon sama bai yi daidai ba), matsakaicin sag a cikin kayan yana kusan a tsakiyar nisan gear.

(3) Iyaka - Mafi ƙarancin nisa da aka yarda tsakanin waya da ƙasa ana kiran iyaka, kamar yadda H ya nuna a cikin Hoto 1-2.An ƙayyade ƙimar ƙayyadaddun nisa daki-daki a cikin ƙa'idodin fasaha don tsara layin watsawa na sama da ka'idojin fasaha don tsara layin rarraba sama da ma'aikatar wutar lantarki ta ƙasarmu ta bayar.Babban abubuwan da ke cikin layin watsa sama sune madugu, mai walƙiya, insulator, hasumiya, kebul da tushe

Abubuwan da ke cikin layin watsa sama

Muna ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin ainihin ayyuka da nau'ikan abubuwan da ke tattare da kewayen sama.

1, madugu

Ana amfani da wayoyi don ɗaukar wutar lantarki da makamashin lantarki.Gabaɗaya, layukan watsawa suna amfani da madugu guda ɗaya ga kowane lokaci, amma ga ultra high voltage da manyan layukan watsa iya aiki, don rage korona don rage asarar wutar lantarki da rage tsoma baki ga rediyo da TELEBIJIN, ana amfani da na'urori masu rarraba lokaci, wato, biyu. , uku, hudu ko fiye wayoyi (yawanci gyarawa a cikin zobe) ana amfani da su.

2. Walƙiya madugu da grounding jiki

Ana rataye madubin walƙiya a saman hasumiya na sandar, kuma ana haɗa shi da jikin ƙasa ta hanyar wayar da ke ƙasa akan kowace hasumiya ta tushe.Lokacin da walƙiyar girgije mai walƙiya ta faɗo layin walƙiya, madubin walƙiya yana sama da madubin, kuma jikin na walƙiya na saman ƙasa yana fitarwa zuwa ƙasa.Ta wannan hanyar, yuwuwar walƙiya ta afka wa mai gudanarwa yana raguwa, ana kiyaye rufin layin daga lalacewar walƙiya, kuma ana ba da kariya ta walƙiya don tabbatar da amincin aikin layin.Kawai sama 110kV irin ƙarfin lantarki sa line ne kullum kafa, ta abu yawanci galvanized karfe strand.

3, tuwo

Ana amfani da hasumiya ta sanda don tallafawa madugu da na'urar walƙiya da na'urorinsa, da kuma kiyaye ƙayyadaddun tazara tsakanin madubin, madubin walƙiya da hasumiya, da kuma tsakanin madugu da ƙasa da ketare abubuwa ko wasu gine-gine. .

4. Insulators da insulator kirtani

Insulators sune manyan abubuwan da ke cikin rufin layi, waɗanda ake amfani da su don tallafawa ko dakatar da wayar don sanya shi daga hasumiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa layin yana da ingantaccen ƙarfin kariya na lantarki.Domin ba wai kawai an yi shi ne da ƙarfin injina da aikin wutar lantarki ba, har ma don jure wa zaizayar iskar gas mai cutarwa a cikin yanayi.

Saboda haka, ana buƙatar samun isasshen ƙarfin inji, matakin rufewa da juriya na lalata.

5, hardware

Kayan aikin layin watsawa suna taka rawa na tallafawa, gyarawa da haɗa wayoyi masu kariya da wayoyi masu kariya na walƙiya a cikin layin watsa sama.Kuma zai iya sanya wayoyi ya tabbata.Akwai nau'ikan kayan aikin gwal da yawa, waɗanda za'a iya raba su zuwa rukuni biyar: igiyar waya, haɗawa, kariya da zanen waya gwargwadon kaddarorinsu da amfani.

An kafa harsashin ginin katako a ƙasa don tabbatar da cewa hasumiya ba ta karkata, rugujewa, tallafi da sauran kayan aiki.Idan an binne sandar simintin da aka ƙarfafa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, saboda ɓangaren giciye na sandar yana da ƙanƙanta, sandar za ta nutse a cikin ƙasa gaba ɗaya.A wannan lokacin don hana igiya nutsewa, sau da yawa a cikin kasan matashin sandar wani babban yanki na farantin siminti mai ƙarfi - chassis, chassis shine hana tushe nutsewar sandar.A gefe guda, aikin kebul ɗin shine don inganta ƙarfin hasumiya, ɗaukar nauyin waje akan ƙarfin hasumiya, don rage yawan amfani da hasumiya;A gefe guda, tare da sandar waya da tiren waya, don gyara hasumiya a ƙasa, don tabbatar da cewa hasumiya ba ta karkata ba, ya rushe.Hasumiyar ginin bisa ga yanayi daban-daban, yanayin ƙasa da yanayin gini, nau'in da ake amfani da shi ma ya bambanta.